Cluster · 1995 – present
Digital Foundations
The grammars that built the screen-based world.
Essays in this cluster
Skeuomorphism
Digital objects should look like the physical things they replace, so people can learn the metaphor.
2007 – 2013 mainstream
7 min
Flat Design
Digital should look digital. Stop pretending to be paper.
2013 – present
7 min
Material Design
Flat, but with the physics of paper. Shadow tells the user what is real.
2014 – present
8 min