Cluster · 1860 – 1905
Foundations of Modern Visual Thinking
The moment art stopped being a window onto the world and started thinking about itself.
Essays in this cluster
Impressionism
Painting what the eye actually sees, not what the mind already knows.
1872 – 1886
9 min
Arts & Crafts
A revolt of the hand against the machine.
1860 – 1910
9 min
Art Nouveau
Total design: every surface ornamented, every line alive.
1890 – 1910
7 min
Symbolism
Painting the dream, not the room.
1886 – 1910
7 min